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Barcode

History
The first barcode was developed in 1948 by two graduate students at Drexel Institute of Technology, Bernard Silver and Norman Joseph Woodland. They filed for a U.S. patent in October 1949 and it was granted in 1952. Its implementation was made possible through the work of Raymond Alexander and Frank Stietz, two engineers with Sylvania, as a result of their work on a system to identify railroad cars (who were also granted a patent). It was not until 1966 that barcodes were put to commercial use and they were not commercially successful until the 1980s.
 

Benefits of using barcodes

 
 
Top Barcode (also bar code) is a pattern of black vertical lines, with information coded in the relative widths of the lines. This type of coding is very widely used in the retail market, such as on food packages. The barcoded labels can be read by special barcode scanners, and the output entered into a computer to link the product with such factors as price and stock level. There are standards for barcodes, such as the European Article Numbering Code and, in North America, the Universal Product Code.  
In point-of-sale management, the use of barcodes can provide very detailed up-to-date information on key aspects of the business, enabling decisions to be made much more quickly and with more confidence. For example:

· Fast-selling items can be identified quickly and automatically reordered to meet consumer demand,
· Slow-selling items can be identified, preventing a build-up of unwanted stock,
· The effects of repositioning a given product within a store can be monitored, allowing fast-moving more profitable items to occupy the best space,
· Historical data can be used to predict seasonal fluctuations very accurately.
· Items may be repriced on the shelf to reflect both sale prices and price increases.
· Besides sales and inventory tracking, barcodes are very useful in shipping/receiving/tracking.

When a manufacturer packs a box with any given item, a Unique Indentifying Number (UID) can be assinged to the box.
A relational database can be created to relate the UID to relevant information about the box; such as order number, items packed, qty packed, final destination, etc...

The information can be transmitted through a communication system such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) so the retailer has the information about a shipment before it arrives.
Tracking results when shipments are sent to a Distribution Center (DC) before being forwarded to the final destination.
When the shipment gets to the final destination, the UID gets scanned, and the store knows where the order came from, what's inside the box, and how much to pay the manufacturer.
The reason bar codes are business friendly is that bar code scanners are relatively low costing and extremely accurate – only about 1/100,000 entries will be wrong.

Types of barcodes

Symbology Cont/Disc Two/Many Uses
Plessey Continuous Two Catalogs, store shelves, inventory
U.P.C. Continuous Many Worldwide retail, GS1 approved
Codabar Discrete Two Old format used in libraries, blood banks, airbills
Code 25 - Non-interleaved 2 of 5 Continuous Two Industrial (NO)
Code 25 - Interleaved 2 of 5 Continuous Two Wholesale, Libraries (NO)
Code 39 Discrete Two Various
Code 93 Continuous Many Various
Code 128 Continuous Many Various
Code 128A Continuous Many Various
Code 128B Continuous Many Various
Code 128C Continuous Many Various
Code 11 Discrete Two Telephones
CPC Binary Discrete Two Post office
DUN 14 Continuous Many Various
EAN 2 Many Addon code (Magazines), GS1 approved
EAN 5 Continuous Many Addon code (Books), GS1 approved
GS1-128 (formerly known as UCC/EAN-128), incorrectly referenced as EAN 128 and UCC 128 Continuous Many Various, GS1 approved
GS1 DataBar formerly Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) Continuous Many Various, GS1 approved
ITF-14 Continuous Many Non-retail packaging levels, GS1 approved
Latent image barcode Neither Tall/short Color print film
Pharmacode Neither Two Pharmaceutical Packaging
PLANET Continuous Tall/short United States Postal Service
POSTNET Continuous Tall/short United States Postal Service
OneCode Continuous Tall/short United States Postal Service, replaces POSTNET and PLANET symbols
MSI Continuous Two Used for warehouse shelves and inventory
PostBar Discrete Many Post office
RM4SCC Continuous Tall/short Royal Mail
Telepen Continuous Two Libraries, etc (UK)
See also Barcode Cards
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